Steam turbine interview questions are you a person with a degree in mechanical or technical engineering. It is an inward flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts. Hydraulic machinery made easy gate handwritten notes. In an axialflow turbine, the flow enters and leaves in the axial direction. In this arrangement the head is the vertical height from the water level in the fore bay to the level in the ail race. Mar, 2016 first let me tell you that a turbine basically produces power when it is rotated by any meansby water falling over its blade or by expansion of steam in case of steam turbine. Reaction turbine 2 iii steam turbine operating range 2 3. Reaction turbines have been named as reaction because its blades ar. The work produced by a turbine can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator.
Introduction to fluid machinery turbines, pumps, blowers and. Course 234 turbine and auxiliaries module seven approval issue pagel8 7. Examples of reaction turbine are francis turbine, kaplan and propeller turbine, deriaz turbine, tubuler turbine, etc. Turbine itself means a thing which rotates or spins.
Are you a person willing to work in industrial sectors then logon to steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. First let me tell you that a turbine basically produces power when it is rotated by any meansby water falling over its blade or by expansion of steam in case of steam turbine. A radial turbine is a turbine in which the flow of the working fluid is radial to the shaft. Because of their unique design, maximum energy is extracted from the flowing stream. The fixed blade angles of the two reaction turbines equal to the given inlet angle. Feb 26, 2017 lecture series on steam and gas power systems by prof. Reaction turbine article about reaction turbine by the free. Reaction turbine article about reaction turbine by the.
In an impulse turbine the blades are symmetrical about the plane of the turbine wheel carrying the blades whereas in a reaction turbine they are not. Efficiency, while clearly a consideration, takes a less prominent role than in aircraft turbine. As a result of pressure decrease in the moving blade, a reaction force will be produced. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the. Lecture series on steam and gas power systems by prof. In reaction turbines, there are no nozzles as such. The 2nd and 3rd stage of the turbine are 50 % reaction stages. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine. They are used in a low and medium head application. The force produced by airfoil is responsible for lift of aeroplane. Turbines a turbine is a rotary engine that exerts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. Kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine with adjustable blades.
A reaction turbine is a type of steam turbine that works on the principle that the rotor spins, as the name suggests, from a reaction force rather than an impact or impulse force. The rotor is turned by the reaction of the issuing fluid jet and is utilized in varying degrees in steam, gas, and hydraulic turbines. Kaplan turbine works on the principle of axial flow reaction. There are two types of axialflow turbine blade profile design. Introduction, classification of a steam turbine, simple impulse turbines, compounding of steam turbines. In an impulse turbine, the stage is a set of moving blades behind the nozzle.
Mechstuff 4 types of turbines, aplications, gas turbines, hydroelectric powerplant, impulse turbines, nptel, pdf, ppt, reaction turbines, thermal powerplant, tyes of turbines, water turbines, wind energy, working. Where the supply is low it is usual to have an open flume supply with a short pinstock e. Impulse turbines are therefore also known as constant pressure turbines. Other component parts are scroll casing, stay ring runner and the draft tub. Impulsive and reaction forces are determined by examining the changes in velocity magnitude and direction when the water flows over the vane. The francis turbine is the most common water turbine used in today. Lec11 basic concept of turbine, velocity diagram youtube. Difference between impulse and reaction turbine with pdf.
In theory, the reaction turbine works like a rotating lawn sprinkler where water at a central point is under pressure and escapes from the ends of the blades, causing rotation. Draft tube is an important component of a reaction turbine. Dec 25, 2017 there are 3 components of energy of flowing fluid. A reaction turbine is a type of steam turbine that works on the principle that the rotor spins, as the name suggests, from a reaction force rather than an impact or impulse force this video fully explains the diagram below, or read the stepbystep tutorial on how a. Reaction turbines and water wheels, a type of turbine, are very efficient machines. The efficiency of turbines efficiency describes the extent to which time or effort is well used for the intended task or purpose. A turbine is a rotating part which converts kinetic energy of a working fluid into useful mechanical energy andor electrical. The flow regulation in reaction turbine is carried out by means of a guidevane assembly. A single curtis stage may consist of two or more rows of moving blade. Approval issue module 2347 the turbine governing system. There are two ends in which one end is connected to the runner outlet and the other end is submerged below the level of water in the tailrace. The number of blades are generally 4 to 8 in a kaplan turbine runner. Working principle of steam turbine depends on the dynamic action of steam.
A turbine from the latin turbo, a vortex, related to the greek, tyrbe, meaning turbulence is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. Partitions between pressure stages in a turbine s casing are called diaphragms. Rocket turbine design emphasizes power density, because of the overriding concern for mass saving. Reaction turbine definition of reaction turbine by the free. A reaction turbine is a horizontal or vertical wheel that operates with the wheel completely submerged, a feature which reduces turbulence. The axialflow turbine, like its counterpart the axialflow compressor, is the most common type of turbine used in large gas turbines. In a reaction turbine, each row of blades is called a stage. In reaction turbine fixed blade angle is equal to blade exit angle i. The turbine is located between the highpressure water source and the lowpressure water exit, usually at the base of a. Reaction turbine a powergeneration prime mover utilizing the steadyflow principle of fluid acceleration, where nozzles are mounted on the moving element. Increase area of water exit, increase whirling action, suit for.
The water at the inlet of the turbine possesses both kinetic energy as well as pressure energy for effective rotation the blades in a hydropower station. A highvelocity steam is coming from the nozzles and it strikes the rotating blades which are fitted on a disc mounted on a shaft. Dec 19, 2019 draft tube is an important component of a reaction turbine. In axial flow turbines, the water flows through the runner along the direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the runner. Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working and. Reaction turbine this type of turbine the rotor blades act as nozzles. Steam turbine 1 content chapter description page i purpose 2 ii steam turbine types 2 2. It is defined as the ratio of isentropic heat drop in the moving blade to isentrpic heat drop in the entire stages of the reaction turbine. A force is needed to do this and the reaction to this force acts on the vanes.
Hydraulic turbines transfer the energy from a flowing fluid to a rotating shaft. There are two basic types of turbines according to the mode of steam. This section includes select lecture notes for the course excluding lessons on aircraft propulsion and jet engine rotordynamics. Normally the high pressure and intermediate pressure stages of a steam turbine are of the impulse type. The next series of fixed blades reverses the direction of the steam before it passes to the second row of moving blades 3. Reaction turbine definition of reaction turbine by the. The difference between axial and radial turbines consists in the way the fluid flows through the components compressor and turbine. Jun 08, 2014 b reaction turbine in the reaction turbine high pressure steam from the boiler, passes through the nozzle. Similarly here, that force makes the blades rotate. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power plant. This highvelocity steam produces dynamic pressure on the blades in which blades and shaft both start to rotate in the same. Comparison between impulse turbine and reaction turbine. Whereas for an axial turbine the rotor is impacted by the fluid flow, for a radial turbine, the flow is smoothly orientated perpendicular to the rotation axis. The difference between the two is easily seen when viewing the blades from the end.
Hydraulic machinery made easy gate handwritten notes download pdf. Instead, the blades that project radially from the periphery of the rotor are formed and mounted so that the spaces between the blades have, in cross section, the. Kerrebrock and subsequently adapted by manuel martinezsanchez. Kaplan turbine used for low head, high discharge installations degree of reaction dr is the ratio of static pressure drop pressure energy converted in the rotor to the total pressure drop total hydraulic energy available in the turbine. Two types of modern steam turbines and their mechanical. Modern steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in the same unit, typically varying the degree of reaction and impulse from the blade root to its periphery. Reaction turbine this type of turbine the rotor blades act as nozzles, steam. Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working.
The operation of reaction turbines is described by newtons third law of motion action and reaction are equal and opposite. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power. Reaction turbinesthe turbine blades or the impeller blades are designed in such a way that a force is generated on one side when water flows through it just like an airfoil. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Exhaust steam conditions, extraction and admission 7 6. Energy by virtue of it temperature internal energy so total energy associated with flowing f. Kaplan turbine its components, working and application. Reaction turbine a turbine in which a substantial part of the potential energy in the working fluid the fluid head or the thermal gradient of. Reaction occurs when the water is accelerated or decelerated over the vanes. Introduction to reaction type of hydraulic turbine a francis turbine lecture 10. The efficiency of turbines turbines machines fluid. Lecture 33 turbine definition, types of turbines, comparison of gas turbine with reciprocating ic engine and steam turbine, classification of gas turbine 34 lecture34 thermodynamic cycle or brayton cycle, problem solving 35 lecture 35 regenerative gas turbine cycle, reheat gas turbine cycle, problem solving. All the blades are symmetrical in impulse turbine i. In his design, he combined automatically adjusted propeller blades and automatically adjusted wicket gates to obtain efficiency over a wide range of water flow and water level.
Introduction to fluid machinery turbines, pumps, blowers. A turbine is a rotating part which converts kinetic energy of a working. The reaction turbines are thompson, francis, kaplan, fourneyron and propeller turbine. Figure 5 and figure 6 clarify the concept of flow areas and blade symmetry. This turbine was developed in the year 19 by viktor kaplan, who was a austrian professor. Apr 05, 2016 the flow regulation in reaction turbine is carried out by means of a guidevane assembly. Reaction turbines are a type of turbine that develops torque by reacting to the gas or fluids pressure or mass. Steam turbine working principle and types of steam turbine. Apr 06, 2010 lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof.
There are two types of modern steam turbines impulse turbine in this type of turbine the steam nozzles direct superheated steam at the buckets of rotor blades, the impact of this causes the rotor to rotate. It is the method of absorbing the jet velocity in stages when the steam flows over moving blades. The component is like a pipe in which area increasing gradually that connects the outlet of the runner to the tailrace. Lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. This video fully explains the diagram below, or read the stepbystep tutorial on how a reaction turbine works.
For larger heads the pinstock is longer and there is a smaller throughput of water e. Efficiency is used with the specific purpose of relaying the capability of a specific application of effort to produce a specific outcome effectively with a minimum amount or quantity of waste, expense, or. This leads to offshoot advantages, such as improved power transfer to pulleys or grinding stones. The flow rate and head are given h 1 m q 28,5 m3s p 288 mw 2. The francis turbine is a reaction turbine and it was developed by james b francis. In the case of reaction turbine, the moving blades of a turbine are shaped in such a way that the steam expands and drops in pressure as it passes through them. Reaction turbine the reaction turbine, as the name implies, is turned by reactive force rather than by a direct push or impulse. This highvelocity steam produces dynamic pressure on the blades in which blades and shaft both start to rotate in the same direction. Newtons third law describes the transfer of energy for the reaction turbine. In a reaction turbine, the water enters the wheel under pressure and flows over the vanes, as the water, flowing over the vanes, is under pressure. To know more about what are hydraulic turbines, what is the working principle of hydraulic turbines and how are they classified, read on through this article series. Analysis of force on francis runner and power generation lecture 11.
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